Mastitis is a widespread and severe disease that affects the dairy industry. Bacterial adhesion to the bovine mammary epithelium is a critical first step in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus–induced mastitis. Immunoglobulins play an important role in the adaptive immune system. Bovine milk contains both IgA and IgG. Substantial knowledge of the antiadhesive effects of bovine milk IgA and IgG against S. aureus in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) is required to develop effective vaccines against mastitis.

Doxorubicin- (DOX) and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute myocardial injury pose a serious threat to human health and have brought a heavy medical and social burden. Currently, specific therapeutic drugs for the clinical treatment of myocardial injury induced by DOX or I-R are still lacking. Based on this, this study focuses on the potential of lactoferrin (LF) in treating myocardial injury. To further investigate the specific effects of LF on myocardial injury caused by I/R and DOX, a series of biochemical experiments were performed.

We investigated the effects of Lactobacillus paragasseri OLL2716 on sleep under psychological stress. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 78 healthy Japanese students in the fourth year of medical school were exposed to 2 consecutive academic exam stressors. They were randomly assigned to the OLL2716 or placebo group, and each group consumed 85 g of yogurt containing L. paragasseri OLL2716 or placebo yogurt daily for 8 wk. Two examinations were performed after 4 and 7 wk of intake.

Infant formula serves as a key nutritional intervention in early life, where sleep disturbances are prevalent and may contribute to memory impairment. Although dietary bioactive peptides have been reported to regulate melatonin (MT) and potentially improve sleep, their effects on memory remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of 3 different infant formulas (I, II, III) in a para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced zebrafish model of sleep deprivation. All formulas improved sleep architecture and modulated key neurochemical indicators related to sleep and memory, including MT, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR).

Human milk–derived extracellular vesicles (HMEV) are promising supplements for infant formula, as they contribute to the health benefits of breast milk. Efficient isolation of pure, intact extracellular vesicles (EV) remains challenging due to the complex milk matrix. This study compared common HMEV isolation methods—polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based precipitation, ultracentrifugation (70,000 × g; 100,000 × g; and 100,000 × g, repeated 3 times), and 0.45-µm filtration—to identify protocols optimizing yield, integrity, and purity.

The camel milk industry, increasing over the past decade, has relied on the use of veterinary drugs to maintain safety from parasites. There have been concerns about the levels of thiabendazole, a drug commonly used in camel milk farms, which has been reviewed by the European Commission to set a safe maximum residue limit. This study aims to quantify thiabendazole (TBZ) levels in camel milk samples (in parts per billion) using an HPLC with fluorescence detection (FLD) method with the standard addition calibration technique.

Individual animal identification is crucial for dairy cattle management, regulatory compliance, and enhancing food security. Although computer vision systems (CVS) have been proposed for noninvasive animal recognition, limited research has explored their capability to identify the same individual across various life phases and in open-set scenarios. This study evaluated the efficacy of Siamese neural networks (SNN) for identifying individual dairy cattle throughout extensive periods of growth and physiological change.

We measured the effect of physically effective NDF (peNDF) in diets containing lower or higher concentrations of undegraded NDF at 240 h of in vitro fermentation (uNDF240) on DMI, milk production and composition, chewing behavior, ruminal responses, and nutrient digestibility. Sixteen Holstein cows (8 ruminally cannulated) averaging 123 ± 9 (SD) DIM were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 4-wk periods. Cows were fed TMR that differed in uNDF240 and peNDF content primarily by changing forage-to-concentrate ratio and particle size of timothy hay.

Traditional fermented dairy products constitute a rich reservoir of probiotics and are closely associated with the maintenance of gut microbiome homeostasis and host health. However, the diversity and functional properties of probiotics in these products remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we aimed to isolate and identify novel probiotic strains from traditional fermented dairy products and systematically evaluate their probiotic attributes and mechanisms of action. Three previously uncharacterized strains—Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus L.r1, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus L.r2, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ssp.

Two experiments were conducted to assess the effect of including a mixed microbial inoculant on (1) the fermentation and nutritional value of silage in laboratory-scale silos and (2) the effects of feeding an inoculated silage–based TMR on the performance, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation in transition dairy cows from −21 d to +42 DIM. In experiment 1, harvested fresh corn forage was inoculated either with (1) double-distilled water (CON-L) or (2) mixed microbial inoculant with 1.5 × 105 cfu/g of fresh forage of Lactococcus lactis O224 and Lentilactobacillus buchneri LB1819 at a rate of 30 mL/kg of fresh forage (INO-L).

This study compared the digestion behavior and peptide release profiles of cow (CWPC) and sheep/goat (SWPC) whey protein concentrates under INFOGEST static in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. Although both protein sources exhibited similar degradation patterns, SWPC demonstrated 6.03% higher hydrolysis degree than CWPC. Gastrointestinal digestion significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of both protein digesta, with SWPC showing superior radical scavenging activities compared with CWPC.

Studying changes in plasma EAA concentration and profile may provide a foundation for precision protein nutrition strategies for feeding dairy cows. Using data from a systematic review, Letelier et al. (2022a) identified 2 EAA concentration and profile clusters that differed in performance (DMI, daily milk energy output, fat yield and protein yield) and measures of feed and N use efficiency. However, controlled trials are necessary to evaluate these findings with individual cow-level data. We hypothesized that the EAA concentration and profile at the group level obtained from the literature would result in comparable performance and efficiency measures when evaluated at the individual level.

The study objective was to assess the methane (CH4)-mitigating potential (CH4-MP) of an Asparagopsis taxiformis variety (Brominata) and evaluate its effects on cow health and milk food safety when fed at increasing dietary inclusion rates (IR) in dairy cows. This paper reports data on the CH4-MP and production performance. In this study, 48 late-lactation cows (mean DIM = 386) blocked by parity were assigned randomly to receive 1 of 4 freeze-dried and pelletized Brominata IR treatments: 0% (CTL), 0.30% (standard IR [SIR]), 0.45% (SIR1.5), and 0.60% of DM (SIR2.0), with mean bromoform concentrations of 0, 17.4, 26.1, and 34.8 mg/kg of DM, respectively.

Heat processing notably affects the heat-sensitive components of milk; however, comparative information on the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteome among different species following homogenization and heat treatment remains limited. This study aimed to characterize alterations in MFGM proteins from Holstein cow, buffalo, camel, and yak milk subjected to homogenization and heat treatment using a label-free liquid chromatography-MS/MS proteomic approach. A total of 855, 636, 605, and 538 MFGM proteins were identified in Holstein cow, buffalo, camel, and yak milk, respectively, with 239 proteins co-expressed across all species.

Methane inhibitors in cattle diets are a promising strategy to reduce enteric methane (CH4) emissions. Bromoform (CHBr3) is effective but not well understood in terms of mechanism, dose response, and side effects such as reduced feed intake. Studies using CHBr3-containing seaweed are inadequate to isolate the effect of CHBr3 from other factors. This study aimed to determine the dose-dependent effects of synthetic CHBr3, delivered via ruminal infusion, on DMI, enteric gas emissions, temporal patterns of gas emissions, and ruminal fermentation in cattle.

Subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH) is prevalent during the periparturient period in dairy cows due to increased calcium (Ca) demand for milk and colostrum synthesis. Transient SCH has been shown to activate a negative feedback loop, thereby improving Ca homeostasis. Here, we investigate the impact of induced SCH during the prepartum period on Ca homeostasis pre- and postpartum, and milk production. Thirty multiparous Holstein cows were enrolled 21 d before the expected due date, in a randomized complete block design, and were assigned to receive either a 6-h continuous intravenous infusion of saline solution (CON) or 5% egtazic acid (EGTA) solution (n = 15/treatment) for a minimum of 3 d and a maximum of 14 d until parturition.

Dairy spoilage caused by psychrotrophic bacteria and their metabolically derived heat-resistant enzymes poses a significant challenge to the global dairy industry. However, conventional detection methods are often hampered by limitations that restrict their application for rapid microbial safety assessment. To tackle this issue, this study presents a quantitative detection approach founded on near-infrared transmission spectroscopy to detect psychrotrophic bacteria in raw milk. Near-infrared spectra of raw milk samples were acquired within the wavelength range of 900 to 1,700 nm using a near-infrared spectrometer.

Early life is a critical phase for dairy calves, influencing their growth, metabolism, and overall health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding either whole milk (WM) or milk replacer (MR) on growth performance, metabolic markers, and hematological parameters from birth until weaning at 60 d of age in Fleckvieh dairy. Eighteen heifer calves were assigned to one of 2 dietary treatments: WM (n = 9; DM basis, 29.1% protein, 27.3% fat, and 37.3% lactose; 5.25 Mcal/kg of DM) or MR (n = 9; DM basis, 22.9% protein, 19.1% fat, and 51.73% lactose; 4.76 Mcal/kg DM; Elvor, Maen Roch, France).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) supplementation on energy metabolism, immunity, and the rumen microbiome in peripartum cows. Twenty healthy multiparous Holstein dairy cows were enrolled in the trial based on expected calving date, parity, and previous lactation milk yield. They were randomly assigned to either a control diet (Con; n = 10) or the control diet supplemented with 150 g/d per cow of FLL (FLL; n = 10). The trial spanned 6 wk, from 3 wk prepartum to 3 wk postpartum.

Genetic selection for feed efficiency in dairy cattle is a promising strategy to mitigate environmental emissions reduce the environmental footprint of dairy production. In this study, genetic selection for residual feed intake (RFI) using the EcoFeed index developed by STgenetics was evaluated as a tool to improve feed efficiency and reduce GHG emissions. A life cycle assessment approach was used to quantify emissions from feed production, enteric fermentation, and manure management under 3 RFI selection scenarios: baseline (average genomic RFI [gRFI]), a 1-SD improvement in the genomic breeding value for RFI in heifers and cows (gRFIheifer and gRFIcow), and fa 3-SD improvement in gRFIheifer and gRFIcow.