This study aimed to evaluate the performance of published equations for estimating the BW of day-old beef × dairy (B × D) male calves based on morphological measures, and to develop, test, evaluate, cross-evaluate, and validate BW-predictive equations using body morphological measurements. Three hundred twenty B × D male calves were enrolled upon arrival at the calf-raising facility, and morphological measurements such as BW, heart girth (HG), hip height (HH), and hoof circumference (HC) were recorded from each calf within the first 24 h of life.

Understanding salt diffusion is essential for optimizing salt uptake during cheese production. Although multiple interacting factors complicate this process, the utilization of a model cheese system offers a controlled platform to evaluate their relative influence. This study developed a model using renneted gels prepared from micellar casein concentrate and investigated the use of salty whey, a secondary byproduct of Cheddar production, as an alternative salting medium. We assessed the effects of varying the pH, fat, and calcium contents of the model cheese and salting temperature on salt migration.

Female cattle with low-anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) have fewer antral follicles and reduced in vitro embryo production (IVEP) potential than high-AMH females. In addition, granulosa cells of low-AMH females have a diminished responsiveness to FSH, despite elevated circulating FSH concentrations. However, AMH phenotype is generally not considered when establishing FSH dosage for ovarian superstimulation. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of FSH dosage on IVEP outcomes in high- and low-AMH female cattle.

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen problematic for the dairy industry, prompting dairy manufacturers to seek antilisterial additives to reduce the risk in dairy products that support the survival and growth. Bacillus spp. have been explored as being potential producers of antilisterial metabolites to inhibit Listeria spp. Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus were cultured in a food-grade medium mimicking tryptic soy broth supplemented with yeast extract (FG-TSBYE) and processed into foamed cell-free supernatant (CFS-F) to produce a cultured ingredient.

The rennet and acid coagulation properties of reconstituted micellar casein concentrate prepared using cold or warm microfiltration (MF), at similar casein contents, were investigated, with low-heat skim milk powder (LHSMP) as a control. The MF retentates had higher casein content (as % of total protein) compared with LHSMP, and heat-induced whey protein-casein aggregates were only present in LHSMP. All MF retentates showed shorter rennet coagulation times and higher gel strengths than LHSMP, which may be linked to lower levels of whey protein (either native or denatured).

3′-Sialyllactose (3′-SL) is a naturally occurring prebiotic in milk, known to regulate intestinal microbiota and prevent diseases. However, the mechanisms through which 3′-SL alleviates antibiotic-associated diarrhea remain poorly understood. In this study, an antibiotic-associated diarrhea model was established through the co-administration of ampicillin and neomycin. The effects of 3′-SL supplementation on diarrhea phenotype, inflammation, intestinal permeability, and barrier function were examined in antibiotic-associated diarrhea-model mice.

This study established a systematic framework to isolate and functionally characterize lactic acid bacteria from camel milk collected in Western China, targeting strains exhibiting robust antioxidant properties. Among 199 isolates, Leuconostoc mesenteroides C8 exhibited high oxidative stress tolerance and superior antioxidant activity. Its incorporation into yogurt fermentation significantly improved product stability and antioxidant retention during 21-d storage, even under light and thermal stress.

Co-fermentation using functional lactic acid bacteria strains provides a promising approach to improve the quality and health benefits of fermented dairy products. This study examined the effects of the commercial starter PYS-010 (containing Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus) and stabilizer on the physicochemical properties and metabonomics of brown fermented milk prepared using Lactobacillus helveticus H11, and the changes of metabolic flavor during storage.

Subclinical ketosis in dairy cows is accompanied by adaptive changes in the secretory function of the mammary gland. However, the molecular basis underlying this adaptation remains unclear. The secretory capacity of the mammary gland is closely linked to the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) biogenesis, particularly the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) pathway. Thus, this study aims to investigate whether BHB activates the IRE1α-XBP1 signaling axis to promote ER biogenesis, thereby sustaining casein synthesis.

Farmers can use automated milk feeders (AMF) to identify changes in the behavior of individual calves before they are clinically sick. However, other management factors, such as routine procedures, may affect group- and individual-level feeding behavior patterns in calves. This matched cohort study (n = 44; 22 pairs of booster-vaccinated calves matched to controls) evaluated the effects of a booster vaccination comprised of inactivated SalmonellaTyphimurium and SalmonellaDublin on feeding behavior and relative changes in behavior of Angus × Holstein calves reared at one calf-rearing facility.

Identifying physiological determinants of dairy cow survival and their potential modulation by parity may reveal opportunities to improve herd health and longevity. This multisite, prospective, observational study investigated culling and mortality hazards using targeted lipidomic and standard metabolite assays. Blood samples, stratified by parity, were collected from 2 cow cohorts (1) dry and (2) peak-milk, from across 29 commercial Australian farms (14 pasture-based, 15 confinement-based). There were 717 nonlactating, late-pregnant, dry cows (∼27 d prepartum) and 794 peak-milk cows (∼58 DIM) sampled.

This study investigated the effects of TMR moisture content and forage source on feed intake, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites in Holstein calves. Forty-eight calves (24 males, 24 females; initial BW: 39.8 ± 2.18 kg) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatment with the factors being moisture content of TMR (10% or 50%) and forage source (alfalfa hay [AH] or wheat straw [WS]). Calves were randomly assigned to one of the 4 treatments, including (1) a TMR containing WS with 10% (WS10) or (2) 50% (WS50) moisture content, and TMR diet containing (3) AH with 10% (AH10) or (4) 50% (AH50) moisture content.

Fermented milk is a widely popular probiotic food. In addition to starter cultures, its production process is often enhanced with specific probiotic strains, such as Bifidobacterium spp., Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, although the particular strains employed vary among different products. Because the efficacy of probiotics is strain-specific, determining the composition and abundance of probiotic strains in fermented milk is critical for the quality assessment and regulation of these products.

Methane (CH4) sniffers integrated into automated milking systems (AMS) are increasingly deployed to collect high-resolution, large-scale CH4 emission data from dairy cows. The objective of this study was to assess how sniffer nozzle placement in AMS affects enteric CH4 measurements in dairy cows. Nine CH4 sniffer units (SimpleScan; C-Lock Inc.) were installed inside the AMS (DeLaval VMS) to measure enteric CH4 concentration (ppm), with intake nozzles arranged in a 3 × 3, 15-cm grid above the feed bin.

With the world's population expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, there are growing concerns about the increasing inclusion of human-edible (HE) feedstuffs in the diets of ruminant livestock. Two experiments (a smaller scale study involving late lactation cows and a larger scale study involving early lactation cows) examined the impact of varying the human-edible fraction (HEF) of the concentrate on the performance of dairy cows offered grass silage–based diets. Changes in HEF were achieved by replacing the cereal and soybean meal component of the concentrate with byproduct feed ingredients, including sugar beet pulp, rapeseed meal, and distillers dark grains.

Lameness is a major welfare and productivity concern in dairy herds. This study investigated the influence of animal traits (parity, BCS) and environmental factors (farm, season) on locomotion score (LS) in lactating cows and assessed the impact of lameness on milking parameters using data from 3 Italian farms equipped with automatic milking systems (AMS). A total of 323 cows were evaluated biweekly for LS and BCS over 7 mo. The AMS data (n = 42,569 observations) were collected and analyzed with linear mixed models to assess relationships between LS and milking parameters.

Holstein cow milk–derived Lactobacillus plantarum L19 alleviates heat stress–induced liver injury in mice by modulating gut microbiota. By Wang et al., page 17. This study is the first to demonstrate that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L19, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from Holstein cow milk, effectively alleviates heat stress–induced liver injury in mice. It broadens the application of cow milk–derived lactic acid bacteria, offers new strategies for managing heat-induced liver injury in humans and animals, and provides a scientific basis for using lactic acid bacteria in related disease prevention.

This article contained an incorrect technical explanation for the discrepancy observed between 2 statistical models (ICMSF and JERMA), in which the authors initially attributed the difference to how the models account for lot size.