Invited review: The One Health challenges and opportunities of the H5N1 outbreak in dairy cattle in the United States. By Lombard et al., page 6513. The ongoing outbreak of H5N1 virus in dairy cattle in the United States has revealed challenges in the identification and management of a novel disease. The virus has affected the health of dairy cattle, poultry, cats, peridomestic species, and humans in multiple states. Livestock and poultry ecosystems support viral propagation and movement. Although the risk of human exposure to virus through dairy products is minimized by pasteurization, a risk of exposure via food remains.

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes.

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Moringa oleifera seed milk coagulant on quality characteristics of fresh buffalo milk cheese during processing and storage. Sensory properties, pH, and total microbial counts of prepared cheeses remained within the normal quality range over the 21-d storage period. The residual coagulant activity during cheese processing was significantly higher compared with that during storage on d 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, and 13. Cheese hardness significantly increased from d 1 to 7 of storage.

Trace minerals are an important component of ruminant nutrition. Furthermore, understanding the bioavailability of various trace mineral sources is essential for accurate dietary formulation. The objective of this trial was to determine the suitability of stable isotopes as a marker of bioavailability and the bioavailability of zinc when provided in either an inorganic or organic form to ruminating Holstein calves. Eighteen weaned male Holstein calves were used in a randomized complete block design.

The objective of the study was to improve the nutritional quality of fresh soft rennet cheese by replacing milk fat with canola oil. The structure matrices of soft rennet cheese with 50% and 100% of milk fat replacement by canola oil were designed resulting in an analog 50% and 100%, respectively. Before the formulation, the canola oil was encapsulated by whey protein as a lipid carrier. A control cheese was produced with 3% of milk fat with a volume moment mean, D[4,3] of 4.25 µm, while the analog 100% was manufactured with 3% of canola oil with D[4,3] of 4.62 µm.

The MFGM proteins are crucial for neonatal growth, immune regulation, and metabolic balance throughout mammalian life cycle. However, the composition and dynamic changes of MFGM proteins in yak colostrum (MC), transitional milk (MT), and mature milk (MM) remain poorly understood. This study applied Astral-data-independent acquisition proteomics to profile yak MFGM proteins, identifying 5,437 proteins. Specifically, 2,310 MFGM proteins were significantly differentially expressed between MC and MM, 2,351 between MC and MT, and 846 between MT and MM.

Milk was collected on 2 different processing dates (2 replicates) at a commercial aseptic milk processing facility immediately as containers came off the processing line. Milk was heat treated by direct steam injection (142°C for 3 s) with flash vacuum cooling. Half of the packages of 1% fat aseptic milk were cooled immediately in ice to 4°C, and half were cooled to 21°C; both were stored at these respective temperatures for 12 mo, and a new package was opened and analyzed monthly for 12 mo by Kjeldahl analysis for nitrogen fractions, particle size analysis for protein aggregation, visual observation of gelation, and SDS-PAGE to determine proteolytic damage to casein.

There has been much recent research interest in the potential of macroalgae (seaweed) as a methane-suppressing feed supplement for ruminants, but there are numerous potential seaweed species available that have varying compositions of potentially beneficial or deleterious consequence. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of feeding 3 mixtures of 3 seaweeds at levels within EU regulatory limits for ration iodine concentration on methane production and milk yield and composition of dairy cows.

Milk was collected and milk fat extracted from 40 individual cows that were specifically selected over time in lactation in order to produce a graduation of natural samples exhibiting a wider range of milk fatty acid composition (i.e., ratio of de novo to preformed fatty acids) than would normally be produced by changes in feeding under commercial dairy herd management conditions. The melting properties of the milk fats were determined using differential scanning calorimetry. Higher levels of de novo fatty acids (i.e., shorter chain) and higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids both caused softening of milk fat, but by different mechanisms.

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on ADG, feed intake, and feed efficiency (FE) of dairy calves. A secondary objective was to assess outcomes stratified by probiotic type. Our study included quasirandomized and randomized controlled trials written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese that assessed the effects of probiotic supplementation on the growth of dairy calves. No restrictions were placed on the publication year.

Lipolysis is an ongoing issue for the French dairy industry that must be minimized. Milk lipolysis is defined as the hydrolysis of triglycerides, the major component of milk fat, resulting in the release of short-chain fatty acids responsible for rancid flavor and partial glycerides that impair functional properties such as foaming and creaming abilities. Milk lipolysis is a complex phenomenon that depends on both animal parameters and farming factors. Milk spontaneous lipolysis is higher in milk from automatic milking systems, which could be due to the number and intervals of milking, as lipolysis is lower in the case of a single daily milking.

The selection of breeding animals is critical for a robust livestock population. Conformation trait scoring represents a practical approach to evaluate a cow's potential for productivity, longevity, and suitability for breeding. The scored traits are assigned to 4 subsections: frame and capacity, pelvis, limbs and udder. Previous studies examining associations between specific limb conformation traits and the incidence of claw lesions have found low to moderate associations. This observational study (n = 21,145 cows) investigates associations between claw health and the score encompassing all traits of the ‘limbs’ subsection and the final score per cow encompassing all subsections.

The bulk milk total bacterial count (BMTBC) is a key milk quality indicator because bacterial byproducts reduce the shelf life of milk and dairy products and increase the risk of bacterial overgrowth before consumption. Exceeding BMTBC limits results in milk price penalties, motivating farmers to keep it under control. Factors influencing BMTBC include milking hygiene and milking technique, but also goats with IMI can shed bacteria into the milk. How many bacteria are shed during IMI, and to what extent individual goats can contribute to BMTBC is not known yet.

The placenta plays a key role in fetal growth and functions to transport nutrients that are vital to the fetus. Heat stress (HS) impairs placental function in cows, affecting fetal development. There is limited information on the effects of HS on the placenta of heat-tolerant and -sensitive dry cows. The objective of this study was to assess differences in placental efficiency, morphology, apoptosis, and placental proteomics in heat-tolerant and -sensitive dry cows, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effect.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of decreasing concentrations of undigested NDF after 288 h of incubation (uNDF288) in corn silage–based diets for dairy cows on nutrient intake and digestibility, feed sorting index, ingestive behavior, ruminal fermentation, milk yield, and milk composition. Twenty-four Holstein cows were used, including 8 primiparous and 16 multiparous cows, in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Cows were blocked based on milk yield (37.1 ± 4.28 kg/d), DIM (110 ± 60.0 d), and BW (669 ± 74.2 kg).

Lactation curve models are a foundational component of dairy farm simulation models because they support prediction of individual animal milk production over time. For farm simulation models to be applicable as decision-support tools, the predicted baseline milk production should match farm reported production as accurately as possible. However, individual animal lactation curve parameters are not easily accessible farm data. This study introduces a straightforward and effective calibration method for determining the parameters of Wood's lactation curve, leveraging a previously published database of parameters and 3 additional data inputs readily available on farms: annual herd milk production (AHMP), number of milking cows, and herd parity composition.

Appropriate handling of dairy cows improves animal welfare and milk production and reduces the risk of injury to cows and people. However, interacting with cows safely requires training to understand their natural behavior. Our objective was to develop, in collaboration with Wisconsin dairy farming stakeholders, an innovative tool for dairy farm staff to practice appropriate cow handling. We created and evaluated a prototype of Mooving Cows, a digital touchscreen game in which players practice moving cows in simulated dairy farm environments.