The study aimed to develop and characterize composite hydrogels composed of polymerized whey protein (PWP, 10% wt/vol) and Grifola frondosa polysaccharide (GFP, 0%–4% wt/vol) as a natural functional additive for yogurt. The hydrogel structure change was elucidated at the molecular level using simultaneous rheology and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Results indicated that GFP significantly enhanced the hydrogel's network density and thermal stability through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, as evidenced by increased particle size, zeta potential, and endothermic peak temperature.

In this study, a novel composite probiotic fermented milk was developed using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P-8 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ProSci-92 strains with promising probiotic properties. Different proportions of the 2 strains were evaluated to identify the optimal coculture ratio. The physicochemical properties, storage stability, viable bacterial counts, and metabolomic profiles of the coculture fermented milk, single-strain fermented milk samples, and a commercial fermented milk (PYS-010) were compared.

Automated milking systems (AMS) enable the generation of objective measurements of teat placement, a key factor influencing milking efficiency and udder health. In this context, we performed GWAS to investigate the genetic background of 2 teat placement traits, i.e., rear teat distance (RTD) and front teat distance (FTD), derived from Cartesian coordinates recorded by AMS in American Holstein cows. Phenotypic data were collected from 36 AMS robots, resulting in 4,232,026 records from 4,118 cows genotyped for 57,598 SNPs.

Sensory quality plays a key role in consumer acceptance and can contribute to the growing market share of private-label dairy products. In this study, the sensory quality of private-label dairy products in Slovenia was investigated over a 4-year period (2020–2023). A total of 2,188 samples from 5 major Slovenian retailers were analyzed using a modified sensory evaluation method (ISO 22935). Each retailer conducted about 4 samplings per year. The products were categorized into 11 groups and evaluated by trained panelists according to appearance, color, odor, taste, and product-specific characteristics.

This study evaluated the fermentative performance of several yeast strains on the aqueous by-product of waste ice cream (WIC) to ethanol, comparing 3 reported lactose-utilizers, Kluyveromyces marxianus Y-329, Dekkera anomala Y-1414, and Kluyveromyces lactis 8585, with the non-lactose utilizer Streptomyces cerevisiae Y-45. Fermentation progression was monitored by weight loss, and HPLC was used to analyze the composition of the fermentates. Ethanol production reached >10% for S. cerevisiae and K.

This study evaluated the effects of feeding a probiotic-postbiotic blend on transcript abundance in circulating neutrophils following an intramammary (IMM) LPS challenge in lactating dairy cattle. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 16 at 57 ± 4 DIM) with a SCC <250,000 cells/mL received either 28 g/d of probiotic-postbiotic (PB; n = 8, Dairyman's Edge PRO, Papillon Agricultural Company) or no PB (NP; n = 8) for 27 d before intramammary infusion of 200 µg Escherichia coli O111:B4 LPS into both rear quarters.

Goat milk production has increased notably in recent years. Because a large portion of this production is used for cheese manufacturing, the study of goat milk technological traits becomes particularly important. Traditionally, milk technological traits are measured using reference analytical techniques, which limit large-scale data collection due to their high costs, technical demands, and time requirements. This study aimed to evaluate mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) as a rapid and cost-effective alternative for predicting technological traits of individual milk from Saanen and Alpine goat breeds.

This study investigated early postnatal weight dynamics in 19 Brown Swiss calves (11 male, 8 female) during their first week of life. It was hypothesized that high-frequency weight monitoring during the first week of life in neonatal calves could reveal patterns of postprandial weight loss and early growth dynamics, which may be used to estimate metabolic activity. Calves were housed individually in hutches on calibrated scales that recorded BW every 10 s, enabling high-resolution monitoring of growth and postprandial weight changes.

Preservation and storage of colostrum on farm is challenging, since cold temperature storage facilities (refrigerators and freezers) often cannot accommodate the volume of colostrum required to feed calves. Potassium sorbate preservative (PSP) is a readily available food grade preservative used in wine and cheese production; shown to be very effective at preserving colostrum at both refrigeration and ambient temperatures. Aims of the current work were to determine the optimal concentration and inclusion volume rate (IVR) of PSP to preserve bovine colostrum for feeding to neonatal calves.

Yogurt, one of the most consumed fermented dairy products, is produced with Lactobacillus and Streptococcus thermophilus as classical starter cultures. The enumeration of their viable bacterial cells is extremely important for yogurt production and supervision. This study developed 2 novel oligonucleotide probes (NOP), along with flow cytometry (FC) method for rapid and simultaneous quantification of the 2 probiotics. The NOP exhibited excellent specificity, as validated by 5 Streptococcus thermophilus strains, 11 Lactobacillus strains, and 32 other bacterial strains, and the FC method could accurately identify viable cells.

Dairy cows are highly susceptible to heat stress, which has a detrimental effect on milk production, fertility performance, and animal welfare. These adverse effects will increase as dairy-producing regions continue to be affected by climate change. To address this, Australia implemented a genetic evaluation for heat tolerance in 2017, which was updated in 2024. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between heat tolerance solutions from the official genetic evaluation and other important traits in Australian Holsteins and Jerseys.

The objective of this randomized controlled experiment was to evaluate the effect on first-service reproductive outcomes for lactating Holstein cows of a targeted reproductive management program including insemination in estrus (AIE) after a modified Double-Ovsynch protocol and re-enrollment of nonestrus cows in a synchronization of ovulation protocol. Lactating dairy cows (n = 2,101) from a commercial dairy farm fitted with neck-attached sensors for automated detection of estrus were synchronized with a Double-Ovsynch protocol up to the first PGF2α (PGF-L) of the Breeding-Ovsynch portion of the protocol (GnRH, 7 d later PGF2α, 3 d later GnRH, 7 d later GnRH, 7 d later PGF2α, 1 d later PGF2α).

Consumer preferences for food products serve as a fundamental factor that influences purchasing and utilization decisions. Consumer preferences for infant formula (IF) are predominantly determined by its aroma characteristics. This study examined the volatile flavor compounds (VOC), aroma characteristics of IF detected via GC–ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), quantitative descriptive analysis, and consumer testing, respectively, hoping to provide a novel perspective for enterprise quality control.

The objective of this study was to characterize the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of iodoform in dairy cows through 3 complementary experiments. In study I, biological fluids (ruminal, duodenal, serum, milk, and urine) were collected from Danish Holstein dairy cows during a dose–response experiment conducted as a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The samples were used to determine the fate of iodoform and its metabolite, diiodomethane, by quantifying the amount of iodoform and diiodomethane in these samples.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with Bacillus licheniformis 809 and Bacillus subtilis 810 on DMI, colostrum quality, milk yield and composition, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, metabolic, and health parameters of dairy cows during the transition period. Sixty multiparous Holstein cows were divided into 2 groups: a control group (CG) receiving no additives and a Bacillus group (BG) receiving 3 g of a direct-fed microbial (DFM; 3.2 × 109 cfu/g of DFM).

Sorghum, a drought-tolerant crop, may serve as a promising forage alternative to corn in water-scarce regions. The study objective was to assess the effect of replacing conventional (nonbrown midrib) corn silage (CCS) with brown midrib male-sterile sorghum silage (BMR-MS-SS) at replacement rates of 0% (control), 25% (25%-BMR-MS-SS), and 50% (50%-BMR-MS-SS) on apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility (TTD), DMI, and ECM production. Compared with the control, protein concentrates and grass hay were decreased and dry ground corn increased in 25%-BMR-MS-SS and 50%-BMR-MS-SS to maintain similar nutrient composition among diets.

The objective of this observational study was to investigate the association between the duration of labor, calving assistance, and uterine diseases, as well as estimate a reference time to be used as a guideline for providing calving assistance based on the health outcome of metritis. Holstein cows (n = 496) were enrolled approximately 3 wk before their expected calving date. Cameras were used to record calving behavior of a subset of cows (n = 286), where the occurrence of calving assistance (forced extraction lasting a minimum of 5 s), calving location, and pen movement during labor were recorded.

This study examined national patterns in Taiwan's frozen dairy cattle semen imports from 2020 to 2024 using official import clearance records issued by the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine. A total of 643 individual Holstein sires were identified across all shipments during the 5-yr period. Annual import volumes, semen type distributions, and sire-specific usage patterns were analyzed to characterize changes in breeding strategies. Genetic indices for imported sires were obtained from the Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding August 2025 evaluation and linked with import data to assess how sire characteristics corresponded to importer preferences.

Dairy cow grazing is widely appreciated by society due to its perceived benefits for animal welfare and health. However, concerns about dairy cow health are also cited as reasons for adopting year-round confinement systems. Comprehensive assessments on the relation of grazing intensity and duration (GID) with dairy cow production and health under practical conditions are lacking. This exploratory, longitudinal observational field study assessed the association between grazing parameters and production and health indicators in 70 commercial Dutch dairy herds during the 2023 and 2024 grazing seasons.

This study evaluated the production performance, milk fatty acid profile, nutrient digestibility, and enteric methane (CH4) emissions of high-producing dairy cows fed high-forage (HF; 52% forage) or low-forage (LF; 37% forage) diets containing triticale silages harvested at either the boot (BT) or soft-dough (SFT) stage. The BT stage silage contained 16.7% CP, 51.1% NDF, 35.0% ADF, 3.7% ADL, and 2.2% starch, whereas the SFT stage silage contained 8.7% CP, 62.6% NDF, 46.1% ADF, 6.4% ADL, and 4.6% starch.