This study investigates the optimization of a Doogh formula enhanced by a CP/peptide extract of the neutralized cell-free supernatant (bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance [BLIS], hereafter referred to as “crude BLIS”) derived from Limosilactobacillus fermentum, along with assessing its physicochemical, sensory, and shelf life properties. Among 8 evaluated probiotic strains, L. fermentum was selected for its BLIS yield and effective antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Microbes growing in the rumen represent over half of the protein digested by cattle. Despite this importance, efficiency of microbial growth can vary widely, and the reasons are not fully understood. Here, we investigated if the carbohydrate source (cellulose or glucose) affects growth efficiency. We inoculated a system of 8 fermentors with rumen fluid, fed them glucose or cellulose (30 mmol hexose L−1·d−1), and maintained them at a range of dilution rates (2% to 12%·h−1). We then measured the digestion of carbohydrates and output of microbes and fermentation products.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of daily thermal amplitude during the first 28 d of age and its residual impact until 90 d of age on respiration rate (RR), heart rate, rectal temperature (RT), intake, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, immune markers, health status, and performance of Holstein dairy calves. Thirty-four dairy calves were individually housed in a climate-controlled chamber and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: control (exposed to constant temperature and humidity index (THI) of 66), or thermal amplitude (TA) exposed daily to THI of 66 (0330 to 0630 h), 84 (0630 to 1530 h), 66 (1530 to 1830 h), and 54 (1830 to 0330 h) from birth to 28 d age (exposure period [EP]).

Reproductive performance affects the profitability of a dairy herd. The ability to understand the reproductive capabilities of individual cows and the use of targeted reproductive management could optimize reproductive performance of dairy herds. To address this need, the early reproductive success prediction was developed using a light gradient-boosting machine algorithm, which included herd-level reproduction data, weather data, genomic-enhanced predicted transmitting ability, individual cow information, milk production, health events, and previous lactation performance data.

Interest in milk lactose content (LC) has grown due to its potential as an indicator of udder health and metabolic disorders in dairy cattle. However, the variability of LC dynamics during lactation remains poorly described, and a better characterization of these dynamics could clarify our understanding of LC variations among cows, and potentially those due to udder health and metabolism-related variations. The aim of this study was to identify distinct patterns of LC dynamics and assess their environmental and genetic determinants, as well as their phenotypic and genetic associations with milk yield, Na, K, SCC, and their phenotypic associations with fat-to-protein ratio (FPR) and BHB.

Lameness in dairy cows, primarily caused by claw lesions, generates significant welfare and economic challenges. Hoof trimming is a key preventive measure, with scientific support for 2 to 3 trimmings per lactation. However, the optimal timing of these trimmings has not yet been fully explored. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between timing of 2 hoof trimmings during first lactation and subsequent hoof health and culling in second lactation. Data from 10,349 primiparous cows across 185 Swedish dairy herds (2015–2018) were analyzed.

The study explored the effects of levomethadone and ketamine on postoperative pain and activity in calves following hot-iron disbudding. Twenty-eight dairy calves, aged 21 ± 5 d (mean ± SD) and weighing 61.2 ± 9.4 kg, were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 intramuscular sedation protocols administered 30 min before disbudding: group XL (levomethadone 0.05 mg/kg and xylazine 0.1 mg/kg), group XK (ketamine 1 mg/kg and xylazine 0.1 mg/kg), and group X (xylazine 0.2 mg/kg). All calves received subcutaneous meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg) and a local anesthetic (procaine hydrochloride, 4.5 mg/kg) 15 min before heat cauterization of the horn buds.