Reuterin, a nonprotein, broad-spectrum antibacterial substance produced by Limosilactobacillus reuteri through glycerol fermentation, exhibits potential as a biological preservative in dairy products. The work aimed to investigate the effect of adding various concentrations of reuterin (9.125, 18.25, and 36.5 mM) on yogurt quality, both before and after the addition of the starter culture. The study also examined the inhibitory efficacy of reuterin against preinoculated Staphylococcus aureus in yogurt.

Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEV) have gained attention for the immunological benefits for infants and potential as natural drug delivery vehicles. Although protein and genetic profiling of mEV have been performed, their lipid composition has received less attention. We hypothesized that quantitative lipidomics can determine lipid composition differences between human, ewe, and goat colostrum-derived extracellular vesicles (EV). Milk-derived EV were isolated using differential ultracentrifugation and subsequently characterized via nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy.

The primary objective was to assess the performance of a computer vision system for the detection of reattachment and manual removal of the milking unit, as well as the assessment of the preparation lag time of the milking routine. The secondary objective was to investigate the association between preparation lag time and the milking performance indices milk yield, milking duration, and occurrence of bimodal milk flow curves. In this observational field study, we analyzed video footage containing data from 2,917 cow milking observations collected from one dairy farm.

Effects of isobutyrate and 2-methylbutyrate (IB-2MB) supplementation and its interaction with 2 levels of dietary RDP were investigated in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: 9% or 11% RDP (% of dietary DM) with or without IB-2MB supplementation (0.09% IB and 0.06% 2MB in dietary DM). The level of dietary RDP was mainly adjusted with soybean meal products, and the concentration of RUP was constant (6% of dietary DM) based on National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2021 requirements.

Due to a genetic variation in β-casein, A2 milk is more easily digestible than regular milk (A1); presence of the amino acid proline instead of histidine in position 67 of the peptide chain prevents the release of β-casomorphin-7 during digestion. This study evaluated the application of mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy as a rapid, noninvasive, and routinely large-scale method to authenticate the A2 variant in Holstein cow milk. Spectral, genetic, and milk quality (fat, protein, lactose, and SCC) data from 2,270 milk samples from 2 consecutive routine milk controls were retrieved from 1,356 animals from 6 farms located in the same area that raised both A1 and A2 cows.

The potential of milk Fourier transform mid-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in predicting cow fertility has been extensively examined, but largely based on the number of services per conception (NSC). Compared with NSC, Calving-to-conception interval (CCI) may be a more critical factor influencing the profitability, productivity, and sustainability of dairy herds, as it reflects days to first breeding, voluntary waiting period, NSC, and service intervals. Our objectives were to evaluate the ability of FTIR spectroscopy and farm data collected from early lactation to predict CCI length postcalving in Holstein cows from a highly productive TMR system.

Subclinical ketosis (SCK) is a prevalent metabolic disorder in dairy cows during the transition period, characterized by elevated BHB levels without overt clinical symptoms. This study employed a multicompartment lipidomic approach to investigate the systemic and localized lipid alterations associated with SCK across serum, rumen fluid, and feces. Twelve multiparous Chinese Holstein cows (3.3 ± 1.4 lactations), between 2 and 21 DIM were selected from a commercial dairy farm. Based on blood BHB concentrations, cows were categorized into subclinical ketotic (SCK; n = 6; BHB >1.4 and ≤2.6 mmol/L) and nonketotic (NK; n = 6; BHB ≤0.8 mmol/L) groups, with parity and DIM closely matched.

The objective of this experiment was to determine how source of supplementary selenium (Se) affects antioxidant status, inflammatory signaling, and gene expression of immune cells during an intramammary endotoxin challenge. Twenty mid-lactation multiparous Holstein cows (591 ± 46 kg BW) were blocked by days in milk (157 ± 17) and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: (1) 0.30 mg/kg on a dry matter basis (100% of NASEM requirements) of supplementary organic (ORG; selenized yeast) Se premix; or (2) 0.30 mg/kg of supplementary inorganic (INO; sodium selenite) Se premix.

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of fatty acid (FA) supplementation on milk fat production and animal performance in genetically diverse grazing dairy cows during the high-risk period for reduced milk fat synthesis. Forty-five primiparous (mean ± SD; 58 ± 18 DIM and 415 ± 59 kg of BW) and 135 multiparous (45 ± 18 DIM and 497 ± 74 kg of BW) spring-calving dairy cows were blocked based on breed, Economic Breeding Index, parity, pre-experimental milk solids production, and BW and were then randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments.

Aiming to enhance disease modeling and drug screening for fatty liver disease, a bovine liver organoid model was developed using R-spondin-1 conditioned medium. Adult stem cells from calf liver were cultured and differentiated into organoids, exhibiting specific liver markers and functions. These organoids, treated by a mixture of oleic acid and palmitic acid, demonstrated significant accumulation of total cholesterol and triglycerides, effectively mimicking the fatty liver condition observed in high-yielding dairy cows during the periparturient period.

Raw milk artisanal cheeses hold significant social and economic value by preserving cultural traditions, supporting small-scale rural livelihoods, and strengthening local economies through traditional, value-added dairy production. These cheeses are made using pingo, a natural starter unique to each region. Despite its central role in cheesemaking, there is limited research on the importance of pingo in ensuring the safety of these traditional cheeses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the addition of pingo on the physicochemical and microbiological properties and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) profile in artisanal cheeses during ripening.

Recent developments and application of cutting-edge technologies and digital information is enabling the dairy industry to generate substantial data across different spectra. These data and, in particular, research-driven omics data are becoming increasingly accessible for understanding the factors underlying production and health traits. Mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland caused by a wide range of organisms, represents a pivotal concern due to its substantial impact on milk quality and production, animal welfare, environment and public health concerns, and economic losses.

Mating decisions in dairy cattle are traditionally based on pedigree information. However, genomic information offers the potential to minimize inbreeding and increase heterozygosity in mating decisions by providing more precise estimates of the expected heterozygosity (eHe) and realized heterozygosity (rHe) compared to pedigree information. The underlying hypothesis is that increased heterozygosity in dairy cattle heifers results in a larger dominance effect and reduced inbreeding depression in purebred cattle.

Data-driven health monitoring based on milk yield has shown potential to identify health-perturbing events during the transition period. As a proof of principle, we explored the association between the cow's residual milk yield, that is, the difference between the actual and expected milk yield, and the behavioral parameters of cows during the transition period, as measured by a neck and leg activity sensor. Cows from 8 Dutch commercial dairy farms were equipped with accelerometer sensors to study their time budgets, including eating, rumination, lying, and standing times.

Biofilms pose major challenges to milk quality and safety, yet their composition in the dairy environment remains under-characterized. This study investigated the prevalence and composition of biofilms on milking system surfaces in commercial dairy farms, focusing on Pseudomonadota, a dominant phylum in raw milk. We sampled bulk tank raw milk (BTRM), tap water, and milking equipment surfaces after cleaning from 20 dairy farms in Québec, Canada, using S1 milk agar, specifically designed to target Pseudomonadota through a culturomics approach.

Social housing provides early life behavioral and performance benefits for dairy calves, yet potential longer-term effects on heifer growth and development remain less studied. We assessed the effects of preweaning social housing on growth, mounting activity, and age at onset of cyclicity of heifers until 1 year of age. Dairy heifer calves were assigned to 1) individual housing (IH; n = 55 heifers), 2) pair housing (PH; n = 55 focal heifers; 1 focal heifer/pair), or 3) group housing (GH; n = 53 focal heifers; selected from 9 groups of 10 calves/group).

The lactation curve is essential for developing effective feeding plans, optimizing breeding, and strategizing milk production for dairy farms. However, health disorders, as well as external factors such as heat stress, dietary changes, and certain management practices can cause perturbations (temporary drops in milk yield) that shift the fitted lactation curve downward, making it difficult to accurately estimate the potential lactation ability of dairy cows. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of unsupervised machine learning techniques for detecting outliers in daily milk yield data and estimating the expected lactation curve in the absence of perturbations, referred to as the unperturbed lactation curve (ULC).

The combination of ginseng and dairy products offers promising potential for novel functional foods. This study aimed to investigate the effects of whey protein isolate (WPI) and sodium caseinate (SC) on the physicochemical and sensory properties of set yogurt supplemented with ginseng extract (GE) at different concentrations (0.25%–1%, wt/vol). Results demonstrated that low GE concentrations (<0.5%, wt/vol) significantly promoted fermentation. However, the gel network of yogurt weakened, causing 15% to 22% hardness loss and 18% to 25% viscosity loss, plus reduced particle size and water holding capacity (WHC) and increased bitterness with increasing GE.

Dry cleaning has been identified as one method for controlling allergen cross-contact/pathogen cross-contamination in low-moisture food (LMF) environments without introducing moisture. Therefore, an air impingement cleaning device was custom-designed and explored as a dry cleaning method to remove nonfat dry milk (NFDM) residue on stainless steel (SS) surfaces. We investigated the effects of water activity (aw) of NFDM, residue thickness (THK), nozzle diameter (D), nozzle height to the SS surfaces/nozzle diameter (H/D), and air pressure (P) on the NFDM residue removal.

Bovine mastitis is a major challenge in the dairy industry, leading to persistent oxidative stress and mammary epithelial cell senescence, which impairs mammary gland function and hinders milk yield recovery. The mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM), a critical interface between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, plays an important role in redox balance and mitochondrial homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the role of MAM in oxidative stress–induced cellular senescence in lactating Holstein dairy cows.