The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of feeding a rumen-protected matrix of fat and protein from flaxseed and peas (LinPRO-R, LIN; approximately 21% fat, 24% CP, and 10.07% omega-3 FA; % of DM) on ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, and methane emissions, in vitro. Treatments were: 0 (0P), 2.5 (2.5P), 5 (5P), and 7.5% (7.5P) of DM inclusion of LIN, with LIN replacing portions of dried distiller's grains and calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids in the diet to maintain similar levels of CP and EE.

This article explores various applications of artificial intelligence technologies in dairy farming, including the use of computer vision systems (CVS) for animal identification, body condition score (BCS) and body shape analysis, and potential uses of LLMs in the dairy industry. Among recent advancements in precision livestock farming (PLF) tools, CVS have gained popularity as powerful solutions for individual animal monitoring. These systems can capture phenotypes from multiple animals simultaneously using a single device in an automated and non-intrusive manner.

In this study, the effect of luxS, a key gene involved in quorum sensing, on the characteristic flavor of yogurt and its molecular mechanisms during the cofermentation of yogurt with engineered probiotics was investigated. The luxS gene overexpression strain was constructed by the homologous recombination technique, and its effect on the expression of population sensing signaling molecules and luxS gene was determined by bioluminescence and quantitative real-time PCR, and finally, headspace solid-phase micro extraction-GC-MS (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and metabolomics were used to determine the mechanism of its effect on the characteristic flavor of yogurt.

This study aimed to characterize plasma bile acid changes from birth to first calving and evaluate the effects of early transition milk (TM) feeding vs. milk replacer (MR) during key stages. Fecal bile acids in TM-fed calves were also analyzed, offering insights into bile acid metabolism. Thirty female Holstein calves were fed TM or MR for the first 5 d, followed by 12 L/d MR. From d 14, calves were fed MR and starter with gradual weaning between wk 8 and 14. Blood samples were collected at 7 time points: 30 min and 12 h after birth, preweaning (wk 2, 6), weaning (wk 14), 8 mo, 13 mo, 3 wk before calving, at calving, and 3 wk after calving.

The increasing demand for plant-based dairy alternatives, driven by sustainability and health concerns, has driven the development of hybrid processed cheeses (PC) that incorporate plant proteins. This study investigates the effects of replacing 5% of the dairy component (Mozzarella cheese base) with soy protein isolate (SPI), pea protein isolate (PPI), or mung bean protein isolate (MBPI) on the textural, rheological, microstructural, sensory properties of hybrid PC. Textural analysis revealed that hybrid PC with SPI exhibited the highest firmness and chewiness, attributed to a dense and cohesive protein network.

Protein-stabilized high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) as edible 3D food printing materials have various applications within the food industry. Herein, whey protein-based nanoparticles with Curcumin (Cur) and different amount of Proanthocyanins (PC) incorporated exerted reduced surface tension, enhanced particle size, Cur loading efficiency, 3-phase contact angle, interfacial protein adsorption, and surface load with increasing PC content, making them excellent Pickering stabilizers for HIPPEs.

Respiration rate (RR) is often used to assess health and heat stress in cattle, influencing decisions that affect their welfare (e.g., medical treatment, cooling). Despite its importance, systematic information on how RR responds to various intrinsic and extrinsic factors is limited. This study recorded RR and behavior of 406 female Holstein and Jersey cattle (newborn to sixth lactation cows) in California over a year, aiming to: 1) describe RR across different life stages (calves, heifers, lactating, and dry cows), 2) evaluate how different weather or thermal load indexes predict RR using linear regression and mixed models, and 3) assess the effects of individual characteristics (life stage, breed, milk production, lactation state) and behavior (posture, location) on RR in a Mediterranean climate.

Methane (CH4) is an anthropogenic greenhouse gas produced by ruminant animals in their conversion of feed to milk or meat. Alga Bio 3.0 (ALB) is a proprietary feed additive containing stabilized, synthetic bromoform which is known to reduce CH4 emission in the rumen of cattle. The objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding increasing inclusion of an algae feed additive containing bromoform on DMI, energy and N utilization, total gas production with headbox-style indirect calorimetry and milk production in lactating Jersey cows.

This study investigated the effects of incorporating tributyrin (TB) and tricaproin (TC) in MR on the liver metabolome of dairy calves. Forty-five male dairy calves (46.1 ± 4.6 kg BW; 2.1 ± 0.63 d of age; mean ± SD) were blocked in order of arrival at the research facility. Within each block, calves were randomly assigned to 3 MR treatments (n = 15 per group): (1) an MR containing milk fat serving as biolical reference for fat composition (MF), (2) a control MR (CON) containing a blend of vegetable fats, and (3) an MR (TRI) containing the same mixture of vegetable fats as CON, to which TB and TC were incorporated.

In the current study, whey protein fractal assembly (FA) particles were manufactured and used as emulsifying agent to manufacture oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion system, namely FA emulsion. The cold-set gelation behavior of FA emulsion was investigated in terms of gel phase stability, rheology, and tribology. FA particles were prepared by heating whey protein isolate (WPI) solution (90 g.L−1) at 80°C for 24 h. The fractal morphology of FA particles was observed using transmission electron microscopy.

Structural changes in milk during gastric digestion are a key driving factor for the rate of digestion of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the influence of gastric coagulation behavior on the kinetics of protein digestion of raw cow, goat, and sheep whole milk in the stomach was investigated using the 3-week-old suckled male piglet as an animal model for human infants. Piglets received a single meal of fresh raw milk normalized for protein content, and were euthanized at 0, 30, 90, 150 or 210 min postprandially.

Heat stress impairs production performance and thermal homeostasis in lactating dairy cows. Despite the use of on-farm heat abatement systems, milk production and wellbeing remain suboptimal during spring and summer in North America. Resveratrol, a plant-based polyphenolic compound prevents inflammation and may protect cattle against the pathological effects of heat stress. We hypothesized that resveratrol supplementation would improve thermal homeostasis and productivity in heat-stressed dairy cows.

The present study offers insight into the genetic complexity of the interaction between production and reproduction in German dairy cows. The phenotypes and genotypes of 32,352 primiparous German Holstein cows were available for investigation and data sets (DS) of similar size were generated, according to their milk yield. Five distinct DS, each including over 6400 animals, from lowest milk yield (DS Lowest) to highest (DS Highest) were included for subsequent analysis. Heritabilities (h2) and genetic correlations (rG) between traits were estimated, followed by genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

The study investigated how different milk feeding levels and the composition of the starter feed interact to influence growth performance, rumen fermentation, certain blood parameters and the excretion of purine derivatives in the urine of dairy calves. A total of 72 female Holstein dairy calves (mean BW: 40.6 ± 1.9 kg) were randomly assigned to a complete randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. The starter diets differed in crude protein (CP, 20% vs. 24%, DM basis) and total crude fat (Ether extract; 3.0% vs.

We aimed to evaluate the esophageal leakage, ruminal fermentation characteristics, passage rate and microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis and its flow in the immature rumen of pre-weaned animals fed different amounts of liquid diet. Sixty newborn male kids, not castrated, from Saanen and Swiss Alpine breeds, with BW of 3.834 ± 0.61 kg (mean ± SD), were distributed in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme (2x6), composed by 2 nutritional [low nutritional plan (LNP; 1L of milk replacer (MR) /kid/day) or high nutritional plan (HNP; 2L MR/kid/day)], and 6 time points of harvest after feeding.

Abortions can negatively impact a dairy farm's milk yield, reproductive efficiency, and profitability. Despite the recognized economic losses associated with abortions, the reproductive and productive detriments caused by abortion have not been estimated in dairy cattle from tropical productive conditions like in Costa Rica. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential productive and reproductive losses caused by abortions in dairy cattle from Costa Rica. The reproductive and productive losses caused by abortion were estimated using a data set with 953,181 complete lactations from 322,873 cows belonging to 1,133 Costa Rican specialized dairy herds.

In housed systems, administration of oral monopropylene glycol (MPG) in postpartum cows increases the likelihood that cows resolve hyperketonemia (HYK), reduces the incidence of clinical ketosis, and improves milk production, uterine health, and reproductive performance. The objective of our study was to investigate the efficacy of MPG as a treatment for hyperketonemia (blood BHB 1.2–2.9 mmol/L) and its effects on milk production, uterine health, and reproductive performance in 3 seasonal-calving, pasture-based dairy herds in New Zealand.

An increasing proportion of dairy farms are adopting automated milking systems (AMS). At the same time, the dairy industry is actively exploring strategies to reduce the water footprint of milk production. Automated milking systems have different cleaning procedures than traditional conventional milking systems (CMS), so the impact on water use is a potentially important consideration. Previous studies of AMS approximately a decade ago showed ∼50% more direct water use compared with CMS; however, those studies were based on older technology and compared different farms.