This study investigated the effect of individual and simultaneous addition of 2 macroalgae species on in vitro fermentation in continuous culture. Four single-flow continuous culture fermentors were fed an orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) herbage-based basal diet and randomly assigned to 1 of the following 4 treatments: (1) no macroalgae addition (control), (2) Ascophyllum nodosum dosed at 2.5% DM, (3) Asparagopsis taxiformis dosed at 0.5% DM, and (4) both 2.5% DM Asc. nodosum and 0.5% DM Asp.

The nutrient-rich composition of milk creates an optimal environment for bacterial proliferation, making the inhibition of microbial growth essential for maintaining dairy product quality and ensuring consumer safety. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important contaminant of milk and a leading cause of bovine mastitis. Although the increasingly serious antibiotic resistance has led to a renewed interest in phage therapy, research on antimicrobial potential of Klebsiella phages in milk remains scarce.

Supported by analyses of standard milk samples with known reference values, mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopic analysis of milk is characterized by high accuracy and repeatability, particularly for the main milk components. In laboratory routines, this is assisted by slope-intercept correction procedures, where post-measurement corrections of the predictions of regular samples are performed. Independently of this, deviations and drifts can be observed in MIR spectra, both across instruments and over time.

Currently, many research efforts and product developments focus on goat milk, while studies on the development and probiotic function of sheep milk remain limited. In this study, the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus NM-94 on the physicochemical properties, viable count, texture, microrheology, flavor, and quality detection and intestinal flora of fermented milk were analyzed by adding or not adding L. rhamnosus NM-94 to 2 starter cultures. The results showed that the addition of L. rhamnosus NM-94 to sheep milk significantly reduced fermentation time by 2 h (12 h vs.

Substitution of soybean meal with dried distillers' grains in calf starter feeds (SF) suppresses ADG and feed efficiency. Through the use of fractionation technologies, the ethanol industry is able to produce high-protein corn coproducts (HPCC) which are greater in protein and contain less fiber than traditional distillers' grains, and more closely resemble the chemical composition of soybean meal. To evaluate the suitability of an HPCC as a substitute for soybean meal in calf grain, 21 male and 21 female Holstein calves were blocked by gender and birthdate, and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 calf grain treatments which were offered beginning at 14 d of age.

Yak milk has substantial nutritional value yet remains underutilized for high-value applications. Because yak milk is a rich source of bioactive peptides due to its elevated protein composition, this study investigated yak milk-derived peptides with antioxidant properties and their potential antiaging mechanisms. First, 8 major yak milk proteins were hydrolyzed in silico via BIOPEP. Compared with other enzymes, proteinase K plus subtilisin could generate more antioxidant peptides. Six potential antioxidant peptides were efficiently screened in silico; DGGY presented the strongest hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, and its antioxidant activity was further verified in Caenorhabditis elegans.

This study aimed to characterize the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) hemagglutinin type 5 and neuraminidase type 1 (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b outbreak in dairy cattle and to estimate the effect of the outbreak on health, productivity, and economics at the herd and individual levels for 130 d from the outbreak. Herd records from a Michigan dairy farm, confirmed as affected based on PCR testing in milk, were used for this cohort study. Records included daily bulk tank information, herd management and feed intake data, and temperature alerts generated from cows' intraruminal automated sensor devices during the year of the outbreak and the previous year.

The rising demand for nondairy and nonanimal protein sources has increased plant-based beverages (PBB) consumption. However, research on their functional properties, metabolic profile, and discrimination potential is limited. This study evaluated the potential of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy as an authentication method to discriminate milk (cow and goat) and PBB macro-groups, including soy-based, fruit-based (almond and coconut), and cereal-based (rice and oat) beverages, based on their metabolic profile.

This study investigated the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and bile salt (BAS) supplementation on lactation performance, health, and gut microbiota in periparturient dairy cows. Fifty-one Holstein dairy cows were selected at d −28 before parturition and blocked into 3 dietary treatments, including the control (CON; n = 17) received a basal diet, whereas the UDCA (n = 17) and BAS groups (n = 17) were supplemented with 10 g/d UDCA and 20 g/d BAS from d −21 to +21, with an observation phase until d +35.

This study evaluated the effects of pedigree and genomic inbreeding on survival in Danish Jersey (JER) and Holstein (HOL) dairy cows. Survival probabilities and hazard risks (HR) were estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models, with genomic inbreeding quantified through varying lengths of runs of homozygosity (ROH). The results indicated that JER cows had survival probabilities 1.3 to 4 percentage points higher after first calving and throughout later life, along with HR 22 to 29 percentage points lower compared with HOL cows.

Voluntary visits to the milking robot are the basis of automatic milking system functionality. Therefore, problems arise when cows are undermotivated to visit the robot. Cows with reduced competitive abilities, specifically those that are lame or low-ranking (or both), are at risk of lower visit frequencies. These cows typically have reduced autonomy as they must conform to the schedules of more dominant herd-mates. Solutions seeking to ameliorate these access issues may thus improve welfare and productivity.

The milking parlor is one of the most expensive capital investments on a dairy, therefore, using it in its most efficient way is crucial to the financial sustainability of dairy operations. Minimizing the number of unoccupied stalls in the parlor is one way to improve the parlor efficiency. Disruption in normal traffic entry to the parlor may lead to an unoccupied stall in front of a cow (i.e., stall unoccupancy). The objectives of this retrospective case control study were to identify cows at risk of stall unoccupancy and to investigate risk factors for stall unoccupancy over a 10-d risk period.

Genomic prediction (GP) aims to predict the breeding values of multiple complex traits, usually assumed to be multivariate normally distributed by the largely used statistical methods, thus imposing linear genetic relationships between traits. Although these methods are valuable for GP they do not account for potential nonlinear genetic relationships between traits in scenarios. For individual traits, this oversight may minimally affect prediction accuracy, but it can limit genetic progress when selection involves multiple traits.

Breeders for many decades used pedigrees to limit increases in inbreeding, but genomic measures of relationship and inbreeding provide more precise control. Previous calculations of pedigree inbreeding (Fped), genomic inbreeding (Fgen), pedigree expected future inbreeding (EFIped), and genomic expected future inbreeding (EFIgen) included the X chromosome but ignored its influence when estimating relationships. The X chromosome contributes to inbreeding in female progeny, for example, if parents with the same X chromosome are mated.

Accurate diagnosis of failure of transfer of passive immunity is an important component for dairy herd management goals and involves measurement of serum IgG in young calves. However, it is not well understood how IgG concentration changes over the first week of life. The primary objective of this cohort study was to evaluate how blood serum IgG concentrations change in dairy calves fed colostrum replacer during the first 7 d of life. This cohort study combined data collected from 4 different studies that evaluated different colostrum management strategies.

Reducing enteric methane (CH4) emissions from dairy cattle is essential to mitigate the environmental footprint of dairy farming. This study aimed to investigate genetic correlations between CH4 emissions and key production traits in Dutch dairy cows. Methane concentrations (CH4c) and CO2 concentrations were measured using nondispersive infrared sensors, called sniffers, that sampled from the feed bin of automatic milking systems. Data on CH4 were collected on 7,139 cows from 68 commercial farms in the Netherlands between 2019 and 2023.

With increased interest in precision livestock farming (PLF) by dairy producers, a clearer understanding of public perceptions is needed to ensure that use of these technologies is socially sustainable. This study sought to (1) characterize public perceptions toward precision dairy technologies (PDT), trust in farmers using PDT, and likelihood to purchase (LTP) dairy produced with PDT; and (2) describe how these perceptions may be influenced by information framing about the potential effects of PDT use; and (3) evaluate the influence of demographic characteristics of the participant sample.

The adoption of automated milking systems (AMS) across worldwide dairy farms has grown considerably over the last few decades. Automated milking systems contribute to reducing labor costs, increasing milk performance, improving cow welfare, and generating large-scale data on a routine basis that can be used for deriving novel traits for breeding purposes. Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to (1) derive behavioral traits from AMS data and assess their phenotypic variability during lactation in American Holstein cattle, and (2) estimate variance components and genetic parameters for these traits.

Immune cells have been observed in many tissues of the mammal including the gut, liver, adipose, bone, and neural tissue. Our objective was to demonstrate whether immune cells are present within the stratified rumen epithelium of healthy lactating dairy cattle. We hypothesized that immune cells would be found in the rumen tissue and that the total amount of leukocytes present would increase during a ruminal acidosis challenge. We conducted a 2-phase experiment with 9 rumen-cannulated lactating Holstein cows.

This study evaluated the seasonal impact of feeding systems on the quality traits of cow ricotta cheese produced in semi-extensive farms in Sicily. The research compared ricotta cheese produced during the pasture season (PS) with that from the dry season (DS), analyzing fatty acid (FA) profile, carotenoid and vitamin content, antioxidant capacity, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and color attributes. Results indicated significant improvements in the nutritional quality of PS Ricotta cheese, including higher concentrations of CLA (+45%), total PUFA (+17%), and beneficial MUFA, as well as reduced atherogenicity (−10%) and thrombogenicity (−16%) indices in comparison with DS Ricotta samples.